First Aid for Heat-Related Illnesses: Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Cramps
Summer is here, and with it comes the risk of heat-related illnesses. Heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps are all serious conditions that can be life-threatening if left untreated. As the temperature rises, it is important to know how to recognize the symptoms of these illnesses and how to provide first aid.
Heat Stroke:
Heat stroke is the most severe heat-related illness and can be fatal if not treated promptly. It occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system fails, and the body temperature rises to dangerous levels. Symptoms of heat stroke include a high body temperature (above 103°F), hot and dry skin, rapid heartbeat, headache, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
If you suspect someone has heat stroke, call for emergency medical help immediately. While waiting for help to arrive, move the person to a cool, shaded area and remove any excess clothing. Apply cool water to the skin and fan the person to help lower their body temperature. If the person is conscious, give them sips of cool water.
Heat Exhaustion:
Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that can occur after prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
If you suspect someone has heat exhaustion, move them to a cool, shaded area and have them lie down. Loosen or remove any tight clothing and apply cool water to the skin. Fan the person to help cool them down and give them sips of cool water. If the person does not start to feel better within 30 minutes, seek medical attention.
Heat Cramps:
Heat cramps are painful muscle cramps that can occur during or after physical activity in hot weather. They are caused by dehydration and loss of electrolytes. Symptoms of heat cramps include muscle pain or spasms, usually in the legs or abdomen.
If you or someone else experiences heat cramps, stop the activity and rest in a cool, shaded area. Drink cool water or a sports drink that contains electrolytes. Gently stretch and massage the affected muscles.
Prevention:
Preventing heat-related illnesses is key. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and electrolyte-rich fluids. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can dehydrate you. Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing and a hat to protect yourself from the sun. Take frequent breaks in a cool, shaded area, and avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day.
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